16. ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1861-1865)

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OVERVIEW:

BORN:
February 12, 1809,
Hardin County, Kentucky

DIED:
April 15, 1865,
Washington, DC

POLITICAL PARTY:
Whig, Republican

CAREER HIGHLIGHTS:
1833-1836: 
Postmaster of New Salem, IL
1834-1836:
Deputy County Surveyor 
1834-1841:
IL House of Representatives
1847-1849:
Member, U.S. House of Representatives 
1855, 1858:
Unsuccessful U.S. Senate Candidate
1861-1865:
16th President of the United States

FIRST LADY:

MARY TODD LINCOLN

VICE PRESIDENTS:

HANNIBAL HAMLIN (1861-1865)
ANDREW JOHNSON (MARCH 4, 1865 –APRIL 15, 1865)

RESOURCES:

President Abraham Lincoln on the battlefield at Antietam in October 1862 (Library of Congress)

BIOGRAPHIES:
White House
Biographical Directory of Congress
UVA Miller Center
Wikipedia

PAPERS:
Library of Congress
Papers of Abraham Lincoln
The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln Log (Daily Chronology)
American Presidency Project (UCSB)
Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln

GENERAL BACKGROUND: 
Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum
Abraham Lincoln Association
Library of Congress Resource Guide
Smithsonian
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection
Lincoln/Net (Northern Illinois University)

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

LINCOLN by David Herbert Donald
TEAM OF RIVALS by Doris Kearns Goodwin
A. LINCOLN by Ronald C. White, Jr.
WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE by Stephen B. Oates

1860 ELECTION:

REPUBLICAN:
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (PRESIDENT)
HANNIBAL HAMLIN (VICE PRESIDENT)
Electoral  Vote: 180 (59.4%)
Popular Vote: 1,865,908 (39.9%)

SOUTHERN DEMOCRATIC:
JOHN BRECKENRIDGE (PRESIDENT)
JOSEPH LANE (VICE PRESIDENT)
Electoral Vote: 72 (23.8%)
Popular Vote: 848,019 (18.1%)

CONSTITUTIONAL UNION:
JOHN BELL (PRESIDENT)
EDWARD EVERETT  (VICE PRESIDENT)
Electoral Vote: 39 (12.9%)
Popular Vote: 590,901 (12.6%)

DEMOCRATIC:
STEPHEN DOUGLAS
HERSCHEL JOHNSON
Electoral Vote: 12 (4.0%)
Popular Vote:1,380,202 (29.5%)

1861 INAUGURATION:

President Abraham Lincoln’s first inauguration on March 4, 1861 at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. Lincoln is standing under the wood canopy, at the front, midway between the left and center posts. His face is in shadow but the white shirt front is visible (Library of Congress)

1861 Inaugural Address
Library of Congress
New York Times
National Park Service
White House Historical Association 
Wikipedia

1864 ELECTION:

REPUBLICANS:
ABRAHAM LINCOLN (PRESIDENT)
ANDREW JOHNSON (VICE PRESIDENT)
Electoral Vote: 212 (90.6%)
Popular Vote: 2,220,846 (55.1%)

DEMOCRATS:
GEORGE MCCLELLAN (PRESIDENT)
GEORGE PENDLETON (VICE PRESIDENT)
Electoral Vote: 21 (9.0%)
Popular Vote: 1,809.445 (44.9%)

1865 INAUGURATION:

Lincoln’s Second Inauguration on March 4 1865 at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. (Photo by Alexander Gardner/ Metropolitan Museum of Art Collection)

1865 Inaugural Address
Library  of Congress
National Park Service
Wikipedia

LINCOLN ADMINISTRATION:

1865 painting by Francis B. Carpenter that shows Abraham Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation on July 22, 1862. From left to right are:  Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton,  Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,  President Lincoln, Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Interior Caleb B. Smith, Secretary of State William H. Seward, Postmaster General Montgomery Blair, and Attorney General Edward Bates. 

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR:
Caleb B. Smith (1861–1863)
John P. Usher (1863–1865)

ATTORNEY GENERAL:
Edward Bates (1861–1864)
James Speed (1864–1865)

SECRETARY OF THE NAVY:
Gideon Welles (1861–1869)

POSTMASTER GENERAL:
Montgomery Blair (1861–1864)
William Dennison (1864–1866)

SECRETARY OF STATE:
William H. Seward (1861–1869)

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY:
Salmon P. Chase (1861–1864)
William P. Fessenden (1864–1865)
Hugh McCulloch (1865)

SECRETARY OF WAR:
Simon Cameron (1861–1862)
Edwin M. Stanton (1862–1868)

COUNSELORS/ ADVISORS:
John M. Hay (1861-1865)
John G. Nicolay (1861-1865)

SUPREME COURT NOMINEES:

The Justices of the Supreme Court in 1867. From Left to Right: David Davis, Noah H. Swayne, Robert Cooper Grier, James M. Wayne, Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Samuel Nelson, Nathan Clifford, Samuel F. Miller, and Stephen J. Field. (National Portrait Gallery)

Noah Swayne (1862-1881)
Samuel F. Miller (1862-1890)
David Davis (1862-1877)
Stephen J. Field (1863-1897)
Salmon Chase (1864-1873)

CONGRESS:

Construction of the U.S. Capitol Dome  in 1862 (Architect of the Capitol)

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE:
Galusha A. Grow (1861-1863)
Schulyer Colfax (1863-1869)

PRESIDENTS PRO TEMPORE  OF THE SENATE:
Solomon Foot (1861-1864)
Daniel Clark (1864-1865)

1865 ASSASSINATION:

Print depicting the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln on the night of April 14, 1865, while he was attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC, accompanied by First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln and their guests, Major Henry R. Rathbone and his fiancée, Clara Harris. (Currier & Ives Lithography Company/ National Portrait Gallery Collection )

The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (PBS)
Library of Congress
The Contents of Lincoln’s Pockets (Library of Congress)
The Trial of the Lincoln Assassination Conspirators
New York Times

HISTORIC SITES:

LincolnHome
Abraham Lincoln’s home in Springfield, Illinois (Photo Credit: Daniel Schwen/ Wikipedia/ Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0)

Lincoln Home National Historic Site
Lincoln Home Virtual Tour
Ford’s Theatre
Lincoln’s Cottage at the Soldier’s Home
Lincoln Memorial
Gettysburg

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